Location
Southeast Europe
Total area
238 391 sq. km
Population
19 401 658 (2019)
National currency
Romanian leu
Conditional reduction of currency
RON
Climate, average max and min t°
Moderate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snows and fogs; sunny summer with frequent showers and thunderstorms; average January temperatures in the plains are from 0 ° С to -5 ° С, in the mountains up to -10 ° С with short-term minima up to -30 ° С; in July, the temperature on the plains ranges from + 20 ° С to + 23 ° С
Time difference from Moscow
- 1 hour
Ethnic groups
90% are Romanians; 6,6% are Hungarians; 2,5% are Roma; 0,3% - Ukrainians; 0,3% - Germans; 0,2% - Russians; 0,2% - Turks; 0,4% - others
History
The first people appeared here already in the 3rd - 4th millennium BC.
In the XIV century. formed two feudal principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which were conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Later, different parts of Romania were divided between Austria and the Ottoman Empire.
In the XIX century. under Ottoman sovereignty, the United Principality of Wallachia and Moldavia was created.
In 1877, the parliament proclaimed the complete independence of Romania, and a year later it received international recognition. The proclamation of Romania as a kingdom took place in 1881.
In the First World War, she sided with the Entente.
After rapprochement with the Third Reich in World War II, Romania fought on the side of Germany until 1944. Later, it signed an agreement to join the anti-Hitler coalition.
The formation of the People's Republic of Romania took place in 1947. A course was taken to build socialism. After the 1989 revolution, the first free elections and the adoption of the Romanian Constitution took place.
Romania joined NATO in 2004 and became a member of the EU in 2007
Executive branch
Head of Government: President. Government: the prime minister, ministers and other members as determined by the relevant law. A candidate for the post of Prime Minister is submitted to Parliament by the President
Legislative branch
Bicameral Parliament: Senate (176 seats), Chamber of Deputies (412 seats)
Judicial branch
Constitutional Court, High Cassation Court of Justice, courts of appeal, tribunals, jurisdictions
GDP per capita rank
53 (2020)
Corruption perceptions index rank
45 (2021)
